1. Fred Taylor - general concept is "one best way"
2. Henry Fayol - administrative approach
1: use scientific method to determine "one best way"
- harmony, not discord
- cooperation, not indvidualism (synergy)
techniques: method study - ex. assembly line
time study - determine # of workers to employ
motion study - eliminate unnecessary movement
fatigue study -
- applies standardization, simplification, differential wage system
2: Fayol's principles of management (some of the 14)
- division of work
- unity of command
- unity of direction
- centralization & decentralization
- focuses on concentration o decision-making authority
- scalar chain - subordinates should follow chain of command and only report to immediate senior
- stability of personnel - (minimize employee turnover for overall org efficiency)
- espirit de corps - team spirit to meet objectives
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